911:Plasma cosmos
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Contents |
Sun
- Is the sun actually a ball of lightning? Problems with the current model of the sun as continuous fusion reaction, releasing energy from the core [35]:
- Missing neutrinos:
- "Are Neutrons Simply Electrically-Compressed Hydrogen Atoms?"
- According to conventional Solar theory: "Solar neutrinos originate from the nuclear fusion powering the sun and other stars. The details of the operation of the sun are explained by the Standard Solar Model. In short: when four protons fuse to become one helium nucleus, two of them have to convert into neutrons, and each such conversion releases one electron neutrino." [36]
- Temperature of the halo-like corona is 300 times than that of the surface.
- Rotates faster at equator, faster on surface.
- Solar wind accelerates upon leaving the Sun.
- Sunspots reveal cooler interior.
- Sunspots travel faster than surrounding surface.
- Sunspot penumbra (interior walls) reveal structured filaments.
- Missing neutrinos:
- See also:
- Solar concepts:
Solar corona with an overlay of the EM field flux |
Coronal mass ejection |
Sun trends
- Solar variation
- Solar cycle (see also: Solar variation: Solar cycles)
- Solar maximum: "is the period of greatest solar activity in the solar cycle of the sun. During solar maximum, sunspots appear. Solar maximum is contrasted with solar minimum. Solar maximum is the period when the sun's magnetic field lines are the most distorted due to the magnetic field on the solar equator rotating at a slightly faster pace than at the solar poles. The sun takes about 11 years to go from one solar maximum to another and 22 years to complete a full cycle (where the magnetic charge on the poles is the same)."
- Solar minimum: "is the period of least solar activity in the solar cycle of the sun. During this time, sunspot and solar flare activity diminishes, and often does not occur for days at a time. The date of the minimum is described by a smoothed average over 12 months of sunspot activity, so identifying the date of the solar minimum usually can only happen 6 months after the minimum takes place. Solar minimum is contrasted with the solar maximum, where there may be hundreds of sunspots."
- Solar cycle (see also: Solar variation: Solar cycles)
- "In the electrical model the sunspot cycle is most likely a result of fluctuations in the electrical power supply from the local arm of our galaxy. As the varying current density and magnetic fields of huge Birkeland current filaments slowly rotate past our solar system, they apply more or less power to the electrical circuit that lights up our daytime sky. Rather than a weak Sun, the lack of sunspots here at the beginning of Solar Cycle 24 is most likely due to a weaker current flow through the galaxy." [37]
- See also:
- "Where have all the sunspots gone?"
- "Solar Cycle 24 has officially started"
- "Is a New Solar Cycle Beginning?"
- Solar pulsation (V. A. Kotov and S. Koutchmy, 1985)
- "Mystery of the Missing Sunspots, Solved?"
"11.000 year Solar Record & Angular Momentum" (9400BC - 2000AD) |
Solar activity events recorded in radiocarbon. (Note: reverse time-scale!) [3] (1200AD - 1960AD) |
Maunder Minimum is the name given to the period roughly spanning 1645 to 1715 (graph time-span: 1645-2000). During one 30-year period within the Maunder Minimum, astronomers observed only about 50 sunspots, as opposed to a more typical 40,000–50,000 spots in modern times. |
Sunspot cycles (1749-2003) [4] |
Annual sunspot numbers (1800-1993) [5] |
|
Sunspot index 1997-2008 [8] |
Average Solar Magnetic Index from 1991 to 2008-10-6 [9]. |
Solar maximum 1999 [10] |
Sun intensifying
Sunspot 2009-07-11.jpg
2009-07-11 |
Corona
Solar corona with an overlay of the field flow |
Sun corona 001.jpg
A visible solar corona during a Solar eclipse (August 11, 1999, France). [14] |
To research: solar temperature claims |
Heliospheric current sheet - The solar electro-magnetic vortex, which is also named the Parker spiral. |
Solar flare
- "A solar flare is an explosion on the Sun that happens when energy stored in twisted magnetic fields (usually above sunspots) is suddenly released. Flares produce a burst of radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to x-rays and gamma-rays. Scientists classify solar flares according to their x-ray brightness in the wavelength range 1 to 8 Angstroms. There are 3 categories: X-class flares are big; they are major events that can trigger planet-wide radio blackouts and long-lasting radiation storms. M-class flares are medium-sized; they can cause brief radio blackouts that affect Earth's polar regions. Minor radiation storms sometimes follow an M-class flare. Compared to X- and M-class events, C-class flares are small with few noticeable consequences here on Earth." [38]
X-class solar flare on 2002-04-21 (video) |
Coronal mass ejection
- If a solar flare is exceptionally powerful, it can cause coronal mass ejections (CME). A coronal mass ejection is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph. The ejected material is a plasma (containing small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron), plus the entraining coronal magnetic field.
- See also:
Coronal mass ejection |
Coronal mass ejection (frontal and side view) |
Solar prominence
- "A solar prominence is a large bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the Sun's corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections." [39]
Elements of the Sun's photosphere. [19] |
solar prominence eruption on September 29, 2008 [20] |
Granules
(todo)
Spicules
Spicules |
Sunspots
- The sunspot can be divided into two parts:
- Various notes:
- "Sunspot Numbers"
- Babcock Model (?)
- Why is the Sunspot (and the Sun's internal area under it) colder than the surrounding surface area of the Sun? (See also: Geometry: Cymatics)
Sunspot concepts:
Note the spiraling vortex shape, itself consisting of twisting filaments! [22] |
|
(todo: rewrite in terms of cymatical plasma surface harmonics) |
Solar microflares
- Various notes:
- The region of solar microflares has a strong association with the sunspot regions.
"The heliographic locations of about 25,000 microflares observed by the RHESSI (see also: [27]) satellite [over a 5 year period]. |
Solar wind
- "The solar wind is a stream of charged particles — a plasma — that are ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun. It consists mostly of electrons and protons with energies of about 1 keV." [40]
- "Geomagnetic storms are major disturbances of the magnetosphere that occur when the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward and remains southward for an prolonged period of time. During a geomagnetic storm's main phase, which can last as long as two to two and a half days in the case of a severe storm, charged particles in the near-Earth plasma sheet are energized and injected deeper into the inner magnetosphere, producing the storm-time ring current. This phase is characterized by the occurrence of multiple intense substorms, with the attendant auroral and geomagnetic effects. (The nature of the relationship between magnetic storms and substorms is a matter of some controversy.) When the interplanetary field turns northward again, the rate of plasma energization and inward transport slows and the various loss processes that remove plasma from the ring current can begin to restore it to its pre-storm state. In the case of a great storm, such as the one of 6 February 1986, the ring current can take over a month to fully return to its quiet state. The drop in the surface magnetic field strength during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm is typically preceded by a brief rise in the field strength (see the entry for Dst index). This increase is caused by an intensification of the magnetopause current that occurs as increased solar wind dynamic pressure drives the magnetopause inward by as much as four Earth radii. This phenomenon, which is known as the "Storm Sudden Commencement" (SSC), marks the beginning of the initial phase of the storm. Geomagnetic storms are classified as recurrent and non-recurrent. Recurrent storms occur every 27 days, corresponding to the Sun's rotation period. They are triggered by the Earth's encounters with the southward- oriented magnetic field of the high-pressure regions formed in the interplanetary medium by the interaction of low- and high-speed solar wind streams co-rotating with the Sun. Recurrent storms occur most frequently in the declining phase of the solar cycle. Non-recurrent geomagnetic storms, on the other hand, occur most frequently near solar maximum. They are caused by interplanetary disturbances driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and typically involve an encounter with both the interplanetary shock wave and the CME that drives it." [41]
Comet collision with solar wind. See the animated version here. |
Solar anomalies
- To research: Are some of the images below a carefully crafted New Age agenda hoax, or visual traces of real cosmic events?
- Path tracings:
- Notes:
- The huge spherical/disc shaped object around which is some form of bright energy field which is also shaped as a sphere/disc.
- The (controlled?) flexibility and speed.
- The (purposeful?) close encounter with the Sun, but never any impact signs.
- Compare the tracings with a cometary impact trace.
- Notes:
2009-08-16 [30] |
2010-03-19 [31] |
Solar anomalies 002.jpg
(see previous) [33] |
- Flying spheres:
- Astro-mythology: UFOs
- video's: [42]
- See also: [43], [44]